http://www.confex2.com/ams/99annual/abstracts/386.htm

http://www.confex2.com/ams/99annual/abstracts/289.htm

http://www.confex2.com/ams/99annual/abstracts/1480.htm

http://www.confex2.com/ams/99annual/abstracts/1584.htm

http://www.agu.org/revgeophys/schime01/node9.html

http://www.agu.org/revgeophys/schime01/node4.html

http://www.agu.org/revgeophys/schime01/node3.html

http://www.cru.uea.ac.uk/~timo/phdabs.htm

http://www.npwrc.usgs.gov/resource/othrdata/greengas/greengas.htm

http://www.confex2.com/ams/99annual/globalchange.htm

http://ag.arizona.edu/~lmilich/ecs.html

http://wwwghcc.msfc.nasa.gov/ghcc/HydroSearch/recon1.html

http://www.npolar.no/acsys/seaice.htm

http://www.npolar.no/acsys/hydrolo.htm

http://www.agu.org/revgeophys/schime01/node11.html

http://www.confex2.com/ams/99annual/abstracts/519.htm

http://www.confex2.com/ams/99annual/abstracts/199.htm

http://www.confex2.com/ams/99annual/abstracts/1725.htm

http://www.confex2.com/ams/99annual/abstracts/1390.htm

Sea ice as a factor in seabird distribution and ecology in the Beaufort, Chukchi, and Bering seas. Divoky, G.J. Pages 9-17 in J. C. Bartonek and D. N. Nettleship, eds.. Conservation of marine birds of northern North America. U.S. Fish and Wildl. Serv. Wildl. Res. Rep. 11. 319 pp 1979. Reprint 0453

ABSTRACT: Arctic sea ice has a variety of effects on seabirds. Although the decrease in surface area available for feeding and roosting is probably the major restrictive effect, also important are productivity of water covered by ice and thereduced prey abundance in nearshore areas due to ice scour. The most important benefit that sea ice provides to seabirds is the plankton bloom that occurs in the ice in the spring. In the Beaufort and Chukchi seas this bloom supports an under-ice fauna that is an important food source for seabirds.

ABSTRACT: Observations in the Beaufort, Chukchi and Bering Seas have shown that birds are more numerous at the ice edge than in the open water south of the pack. The apparent reason for this distribution is the concentration of organisms found at the ice edge. Plankton blooms in and under the ice support an under-ice fauna that is an important food source for certain Arctic seabirds. While birds are found at the ice edge throughout the year it is probably most important in winter when surface waters in the Arctic are severely depleted of organisms. The Ivory Gull and Slack Guillemot spend much of the year at the Ice edge and arerarely found in pelagic areas away from the ice. Ross' Gull may also depend on the under-ice fauna for much of its food since it apparently winters in high Arctic areas feeding in leads in the ice. Species which utilize the ice edge but are also frequently found away from the ice include the Glaucous Gull, Glaucous-winged Gull, Slaty-backed Gull, Black-legged Kittiwake and Common andThick-billed Murres.

Duck numbers estimated from ground counts, moss map data, and aerial videoCowardin, L.M.; Arnold, P.M.; Shaffer, T.L.; Pywell, H.R.; Miller, L.D.Pages 205-219 in Proc. 5th Natl. Moss Users Workshop. LA. Sea Grant Coll. Program, Baton Rouge and U.S. Fish andWildl. Serv., Slidell, LA. 1988. Reprint: 0734 AVAILABILITY: Available

ABSTRACT: We describe the use of remotely sensed data on pond abundance and availability of upland habitats, in conjunction with ground counts of breeding ducks, to estimate pond conditions, breeding populations, and Sample areas were mapped from aerial photographs and MOSS files were prepared. Aerial video data were obtained for the same areas and entered into a microcomputer by custom software. Models were developed to estimate breeding populations and recruitment for five species of ducks. The estimates compared favorably with estimates. A combination of detailed MOSS base maps, aerial video data, and ground census data holds promise as the basis for an efficient operational system for waterfowl managers.

ABSTRACT: This report describes the environmental characteristics andrenewable resources of the Arctic Slope and the Beaufort Sea in relation to oil and gas development. Problems associatedwith industrial activities are identified, and recommendations for avoiding or minimizing environmental and resource damage are advanced. It is noted that the simplicity of the ecosystems, the slow rate of organic processes, and the presence of permafrost create unique problems in connection with pollution, waste disposal, restoration of vegetation, and all activities which disturb the vegetated surface. In the Beaufort Sea, the shallowness of the continental shelf and the presence of pack ice represent serious physical obstacles to oil development and transportation and heighten the probability of potentially harmful accidents. The risk of serious environmental and resource damage in the Arctic will be greatly lessened by the imposition of high operational and safety standards. There is need for strengthening legal authority to promulgate essential regulations. As an interim substitute, close and effective cooperation between Government and industry must be developed. Both Government and industry have an obligation to support research aimed at providing an adequate understanding of numerous environmental and technical questions.

ABSTRACT: The Alaska coast fronting on the Chukchi and Bering seas, exclusive of the Aleutian Islands, supports seven complexes of marine bird colonies numbering more than 1 million birds each, nine colonies of 100,000 to almost 1 million birds, and many smaller colonies. Colonies are found on most headlands and islands and are dominated numerically by alcids and kittiwakes (Rissa sp.). Estuarine habitats (mainly the lowlands of northern Seward Peninsula, Yukon-Kuskokwim delta, and the north side of the Alaska Peninsula) are extremely important for breeding and migrating marine waterfowl, shorebirds, gulls (Larus sp.), and terns (Sterna sp.). Information on population size and distribution of breeding marine birds within this area is extensive for only a few of the more heavily hunted species of waterfowl. Except for the intensive and systematic censusing of a few colonies in this region, population data on cliff-, burrow-, and crevice-nesting birds are such that all but gross changes in numbers may go unnoticed, and if noticed they could not be measured.